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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">BRICS+: Current Agenda</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">BRICS+: Current Agenda</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>БРИКС+: актуальная повестка</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">50299</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">DTULMQ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Problem of the Chinese Concept Tianxia and Education</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Проблематика китайской концепции Тяньсяи образование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3456-2445</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nizhnikov</surname><given-names>Sergei A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нижников</surname><given-names>Сергей Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Grand PhD in Philosophy, Professor at the Department of History of Philosophy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор философских наук, профессор кафедры истории философии</p></bio><email>nizhnikov-sa@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5145-2774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Shuchun</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чжан</surname><given-names>Шучунь</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Department of History of Philosophy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры истории философии</p></bio><email>shuchun.zhang@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 1, NO1 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 1, №1 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>129</fpage><lpage>138</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-05-21"><day>21</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Nizhnikov S.A., Zhang S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Нижников С.А., Чжан Ш.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nizhnikov S.A., Zhang S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нижников С.А., Чжан Ш.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bricsplus-j.ru/BRICSplusJournal/article/view/50299">https://bricsplus-j.ru/BRICSplusJournal/article/view/50299</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the context of contemporary ideological explorations concerning the transitional nature of the post-globalization era and the shift from a unipolar to a multipolar world order, a number of Chinese thinkers are “re-developing” the concept of Tianxia (“All Under Heaven”), drawing on the historical and cultural roots of the nation. This concept, rooted in ancient Chinese philosophies such as Confucianism, is intended not only to guide the strategic development of modern China, but also to serve as a framework for international communication. Prominent among these thinkers are Zhao Tingyang, Xu Jilin, Zhang Weiwei, as well as the anthropologist Fei Xiaotong. The central challenges they address include the tension between the universal and the particular, especially the relationship between China and other global powers (i. e., the national versus the universal), as well as the dynamics between the state, society, and the individual within the PRC. This study identifies the unresolved issues that arise within the framework of Tianxia as articulated by these authors. It also draws a parallel with the Russian intellectual tradition, where similar tensions between the national and the universal were debated by the Westernizers and Slavophiles, and reflected in the works of F.M. Dostoevsky, V.S. Solovyov, L. Tolstoy, and L. Trotsky. The paper observes how global processes influence the development of education, particularly in China, where efforts are being made to resist the homogenizing effects of globalization. It is argued that a depoliticized interpretation of Tianxia may offer productive insights for the development of a national education system in the PRC. Drawing on the principles of Tianxia , several Chinese scholars propose that global higher education should not be treated as a domain of competition, but rather as a space for mutually beneficial cooperation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В ситуации современных идеологических исканий, связанных с переходным характером постгло-бализационной эпохи - переходом от однополярного к многополярному миру, - ряд китайских мыслителей, опираясь на историко-культурные корни своей нации, разрабатывают концепцию Тянься («Поднебесная»). Предлагая данную концепцию, уходящую к истокам конфуцианства и другим древнекитайским учениям, они стремятся решить проблемы целеполагания развития не только КНР, но и выдвинуть ее в качестве проекта для международной коммуникации. Ключевыми сторонниками данного подхода выступают такие мыслители, как Чжао Тинъян (Zhao Tingyang), Сюй Цзилинь (Xu Jilin) и Фэй Сяотун (Fei Xiaotong). Основные проблемы, стоящие перед авторами концепции: соотношение общего и частного; соотношение Китая и других мировых держав (национального и общечеловеческого), а внутри государства - общества и индивида. В данной статье выявляются те проблемы, которые оказываются трудноразрешимыми в рамках концепции Тянься , как она представлена в творчестве упомянутых мыслителей. Проводится некоторая аналогия решения проблем соотношения национального и всечеловеческого (общечеловеческого) в русской культуре, что выразилось в споре западников и славянофилов, творчестве Ф.М. Достоевского и Вл. Соловьева, Л. Толстого и Л. Троцкого. Анализируется, как международные процессы влияют на развитие образования, прежде всего в КНР, где разрабатываются меры, противостоящие глобализационным и нивелирующим тенденциям. Показано, что деполитизированная концепция Тянься может быть продуктивной для развития системы национального образования. Руководствуясь принципами Тянься ряд китайских авторов предлагает рассматривать высшее образование в мире не как арену соперничества, а как пространство для взаимовыгодного сотрудничества.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>national and universal</kwd><kwd>modern education</kwd><kwd>Chinese political philosophy</kwd><kwd>Axial Age</kwd><kwd>Tianxia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>национальное и общечеловеческое</kwd><kwd>современное образование</kwd><kwd>китайская политическая философия</kwd><kwd>осевое время</kwd><kwd>Тянься</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang, S. (2025). The Tianxia Concept and Morality in Modern Chinese Philosophy [Doctoral dissertation, RUDN University]. Moscow. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чжан Ш. 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