Editor-in-Chief: Inna Andronova, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor Published since: 2025. ISSN (online) ........ Publication frequency: quarterly Open Access Publication fee: No fees are charged. Peer review: Double-blind. Publication languages: English, Russian. Publisher: Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
All rights to the article belong to the authors. The authors grant the journal publisher the rights to use the article, including making the article available in open access, under the non-exclusive licence set forth below (Author Agreement (Public Offer)). All copyright remains with the authors. Author Agreement (Public Offer) on Publication of an Article in the Scientific Journal “BRICS+: Current Agenda” The Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba” (RUDN University), represented by the First Vice-Rector–Vice-Rector for Research Andrey Aleksandrovich Kostin, acting on the basis of Power of Attorney dated 21 May 2025 №0036-09/25-122 (hereinafter referred to as the “Publisher”), on the one hand, hereby offers an indefinite group of persons (hereinafter referred to as the “Author”), on the other hand, and together hereinafter referred to as the “Parties”, to enter into this agreement (hereinafter referred to as the “Agreement”) on the publication of scientific materials (hereinafter referred to as the “Article”) in the scientific journal “BRICS+: Current Agenda” (hereinafter referred to as the “Journal”) under the terms and conditions set forth below. 1. General Provisions 1.1. This Agreement, pursuant to Article 437(2) of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, constitutes a public offer (hereinafter referred to as the “Offer”), full and unconditional acceptance (acceptance) of which, pursuant to Article 438 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, shall be deemed the submission by the Author of their materials by uploading them to the online electronic submission system for receiving articles for review, located in the relevant section of the Journal’s website at: https://bricsplus-j.ru in the information and telecommunications network “Internet” (hereinafter referred to as the “Internet”). 1.2. In accordance with the applicable legislation of the Russian Federation regarding copyright compliance for electronic information resources, the materials of the website, electronic journal, or project may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form (electronic or printed) without prior consent of the authors and the editorial office of the Journal. Such consent may be expressed by placing the relevant permission (an open licence Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 CC BY-NC) in the relevant section of the Journal’s website (at the location where the published materials are размещены) on the Journal’s website on the Internet. When using published materials in the context of other documents, reference to the original source is required. 1.3. The Journal is registered with the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media (Roskomnadzor). 2. Terms Used in the Agreement Author – an individual(s) whose creative work created the Article. Acceptance of the Offer – full and unconditional acceptance of the Offer under the terms specified in Section 3 of the Agreement (the Author accepts the Offer by submitting an application to the Publisher, i.e., by uploading the Article and accompanying materials to the online electronic submission system for receiving articles for review, located in the relevant section of the Journal’s website at https://bricsplus-j.ru). Journal – the scientific journal “BRICS+: Current Agenda”. Application – an electronic request by the Author to the Publisher for publication of the Article in the Journal by uploading the article and accompanying materials to the online electronic submission system for receiving articles for review, located in the relevant section of the Journal’s website (https://bricsplus-j.ru) on the Internet. 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Under this Agreement, the Author grants the Publisher, free of charge, for the term of copyright protection provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation, a non-exclusive licence to use the Article created by the Author for publication in the Journal. 3.2. 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The Author warrants that: they are the lawful holder of the exclusive rights to the Article; the rights granted to the Publisher under this Agreement have not previously been and will not be granted to third parties until publication of the Article by the Publisher in the Journal; the Article contains all references to cited authors and/or publications (materials) required by applicable copyright legislation; the Author has obtained all necessary permissions for the results, facts, and other borrowed materials used in the Article, where the Author is not the rights holder; the Article does not contain materials prohibited from open publication under applicable legislation of the Russian Federation, and its publication and distribution will not result in disclosure of secret (confidential) information (including state secrets); the Author has reviewed the editorial policy and ethical principles published on the Journal’s website (https://bricsplus-j.ru), understands the consequences of violating these principles, has informed other Co-authors about the terms of this Agreement, and has obtained the consent of all Co-authors to enter into this Agreement under the terms provided herein. 5.2. 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The Publisher has the right to: carry out technical and copyediting of the Article without changing its core content; conduct an expert assessment of the Article and propose that the Author make necessary changes, until which the Article will not be placed in the Journal; in any subsequent permitted use by the Author (and/or other persons) of the Journal and/or the Article (including any part or excerpt), require such persons to provide a reference to the Journal, the Publisher, the Author or other copyright holders, the title of the Article, the issue number of the Journal, and the year of publication as indicated in the Journal; place preliminary and/or promotional information about the forthcoming publication of the Article in mass media and other information sources; establish rules (conditions) for acceptance and publication of materials in the Journal. The Editorial Board of the Journal, chaired by the Editor-in-Chief, holds the exclusive right to select and/or reject materials submitted to the Editorial Office for publication. The manuscript (material medium) submitted by the Author to the Editorial Office is not subject to return. The Editorial Office does not engage in correspondence regarding the rejection of an Article by the Editorial Board; temporarily suspend provision of services to the Author under this Agreement for technical, technological, or other reasons preventing service provision, for the period necessary to eliminate such reasons; suspend provision of services under this Agreement unilaterally out of court in the following cases: a) if the Article does not correspond to the scope of the Journal (or any part thereof), or the submitted material is insufficient for independent publication, or the formatting of the Article does not meet the requirements; b) if the Author violates other obligations assumed under the Offer; amend the Offer in accordance with the procedure established by the Offer. 5.6. In all matters not provided for in this Agreement, the Parties shall be governed by the applicable legislation of the Russian Federation. 6. Acceptance of the Offer and Term of the Agreement 6.1. This Agreement enters into force from the moment it is concluded, when the Author accepts the Offer by submitting an application to the Publisher—Uploading of the Article—and remains valid for 5 years. 6.2. Acceptance of the Offer by the Author creates an Agreement concluded in written form (Articles 438 and 1286.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) under the terms of the Offer. 6.3. If neither Party sends the other Party written notice of termination no later than two months before the end of the prescribed five-year term, the term of the Publisher’s rights to the Works is automatically extended for a similar term. The number of extensions is not limited. 6.4. The term of this Agreement may not exceed the term of the exclusive rights to the Article under the legislation of the Russian Federation. 6.5. Transfer (assignment) by the Author of the exclusive right to the work to a third party does not terminate this Agreement. 7. Procedure for Amendment and Termination of the Agreement 7.1. The Publisher has the right to amend the terms of this Agreement unilaterally by notifying the Author at least 10 (ten) calendar days before the relevant changes enter into force, via the Journal’s website or by sending a notice by email to the Author’s email address specified in the Application. The changes enter into force on the date specified in the relevant notice. 7.2. If the Author does not agree with the amended terms of this Agreement, the Author has the right to send the Publisher a written notice of отказ (refusal) of this Agreement by uploading such notice to the online electronic submission system for receiving articles for review located on the Journal’s website at https://bricsplus-j.ru on the Internet, or by sending the notice to the official email address of the Journal’s Editorial Office indicated on the Journal’s website. 7.3. This Agreement may be terminated early: by mutual agreement of the Parties at any time; on other grounds предусмотренных (provided for) by this Agreement. 7.4. The Author has the right to withdraw from this Agreement unilaterally by sending the Publisher a written notice at least 60 (sixty) calendar days before the intended publication date of the Author’s article in the Journal. 7.5. Termination of this Agreement on any grounds does not release the Parties from liability for violations of the terms of the Agreement that occurred during its term. 8. Liability 8.1. The Parties shall bear liability for non-performance or improper performance of their obligations under this Agreement in accordance with the applicable legislation of the Russian Federation. 8.2. All information provided by the Author must be accurate. The Author is responsible for the accuracy and completeness of the information submitted to the Publisher. If inaccurate information provided by the Author is used, the Publisher shall not be liable for negative consequences caused by actions based on such inaccurate information. 8.3. The Author bears full responsibility for compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on advertising, protection of copyright and related rights, protection of trademarks and service marks, and protection of consumer rights. 8.4. The Publisher shall not bear any liability under this Agreement: a) for any actions that are a direct or indirect result of the Author’s actions; b) for any losses of the Author regardless of whether the Publisher could have foreseen the possibility of such losses. 8.5. The Publisher is released from liability for breach of the Agreement if such breach is caused by force majeure, including actions of public authorities (including adoption of legal acts), fire, flood, earthquake, other natural disasters, absence of electricity and/or failures of the computer network, strikes, civil unrest, riots, and any other circumstances. 9. Dispute Resolution Procedure 9.1. Disputes and disagreements shall be resolved by the Parties through negotiations, and in case no agreement is reached, in accordance with the applicable legislation of the Russian Federation. 9.2. If disagreements remain unresolved, disputes shall be settled in court at the Publisher’s place of location in accordance with the applicable legislation of the Russian Federation. 10. Miscellaneous 10.1. Any notices, messages, requests, etc. (except for documents that must be sent as original hard copies in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation) shall be deemed received by the Author if transmitted (sent) by the Publisher via the Journal’s website (including by posting), by fax, by email specified in the Application, or via other communication channels. The Parties acknowledge the legal validity of notices, messages, requests, etc. transmitted (sent) by the above methods. 10.2. If claims are made against the Publisher related to infringement of exclusive copyright and other intellectual property rights of third parties during creation of the Article or in connection with the Author’s conclusion of this Agreement, the Author undertakes to: immediately, upon receipt of the Publisher’s notice, take measures to settle disputes with third parties, and, if necessary, join court proceedings on the Publisher’s side and take all actions necessary to exclude the Publisher from the list of defendants; reimburse the Publisher for incurred court costs, expenses, and losses caused by interim measures and enforcement of a court decision, amounts paid to third parties for infringement of exclusive copyright and other intellectual property rights, as well as other losses incurred by the Publisher due to the Author’s breach of the warranties provided under this Agreement. 10.3. In accordance with Article 6 of Federal Law “On Personal Data” No. 152-FZ dated 27 July 2006, from the moment this Agreement is concluded and until the Parties’ obligations under this Agreement are terminated, the Author consents to the processing by the Publisher of the following personal data of the Author: surname, first name, patronymic; taxpayer identification number (INN); date and place of birth; citizenship information; details of identity documents; addresses of registration and actual residence; email addresses; postal address with postal code; contact phone numbers; fax numbers; information about places of work. 10.4. The Publisher has the right to process the above personal data for the purposes of performance of this Agreement, including providing information and reference services to the Author. Processing of personal data means actions (operations) with personal data, including collection, systematization, accumulation, storage, уточнение (updating/alteration), use, dissemination (including transfer to third parties), anonymization, blocking, and destruction of personal data in accordance with applicable legislation of the Russian Federation. 10.5. The Author has the right to withdraw consent to the processing of personal data listed in Clause 10.3 by sending the Publisher a relevant notice in cases предусмотренных (provided for) by applicable legislation of the Russian Federation. Upon receipt of such notice, the Publisher has the right to suspend provision of services. 10.6. The Author voluntarily provides the Editorial Office of the Journal with information about themselves (and about each Co-author, upon prior agreement with them) including: surname, first name, patronymic, academic degree, academic title, position, affiliation (name and postal address of the organization), work phone number and email address, for the purpose of open publication in the Journal together with publication of the article. 11. Legal Address and Details of the Publisher Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba” (RUDN University) Address: 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation TIN (INN) 7728073720, KPP 772801001, PSRN (OGRN) 1027739189323 First Vice-Rector–Vice-Rector for Research A.A. Kostin
Welcome Message for the Inaugural Edition of the “BRICS+: Current Agenda”
Copyright (c) 2025 Sooklal A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Enhancing Competition in Cross-Border Markets of the EAEU: Insights from the BRICS+ Experience
The article is devoted to identifying prospects for enhancing competition in cross-border markets of the EAEU, drawing on the experience of BRICS+. To this end, it employs an econometric methodology to examine the most recent trends in international trade of the EAEU and BRICS+ under the sanctions regime in 2023 and 2025. Using trend analysis of official international statistics, the study reveals changes in the state of competition in cross-border markets, as well as in exports and economic growth of the EAEU and BRICS+ between 2023 and 2025. The analysis demonstrates the contradictory effects of sanctions on competition in cross-border markets of the EAEU and BRICS+, reflected in the slowdown of export but an improvement in customs and tariff conditions; in the contraction of exports alongside accelerated economic growth within the EAEU; and in the simultaneous slow-down of economic growth within BRICS+. A model was developed to assess the impact of competition in cross-border markets on exports and economic growth in the EAEU and BRICS+ in 2023 and 2025. This model provided the basis for forecasting export development and the acceleration of economic growth in the EAEU through 2027, contingent on the improvement of cross-border market competition. The study concludes that, unlike international trade under the previous conditions of free trade promoted by the WTO, in today’s environment of global economic deglobalization, the state of competition in cross-border markets, while still significant, plays a much less decisive role in shaping exports and economic growth.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdyldaeva A.B. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Improving the Regulation of Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in the Kyrgyz Republic through E-Government Development: Insights from the BRICS+ Experience
This study is devoted to developing scientific and practical recommendations for improving the regulation of inter-governmental fiscal relations in the Kyrgyz Republic through the advancement of e-government, drawing on the experience of BRICS+. The econometric and statistical analysis conducted in the article made it possible to quantify the extent to which BRICS+ outpaces the Kyrgyz Republic in terms of the efficiency of intergovernmental fiscal regulation (by an average of 105.54%) and the level of e-government development (by an average of 69.89%) in 2025. Through regression analysis, a model was constructed to examine the relationship between the efficiency of intergovernmental fiscal regulation and the level of e-government development in the Kyrgyz Republic and BRICS+ in 2025. The model clarified the significance of individual components of e-government systems for enhancing the efficiency of intergovernmental fiscal regulation in both the Kyrgyz Republic and BRICS+. The regression model further identified opportunities to improve the regulation of intergovernmental fiscal relations in the Kyrgyz Republic by advancing its e-government system to the level of BRICS+. The study concludes that the development of e-government, following the BRICS+ experience, will enhance the regulation of intergovernmental fiscal relations in the Kyrgyz Republic. To achieve this, it is recommended to focus primarily on strengthening state institutions and adopting more advanced e-government technologies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bidinov U.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Rising Role of BRICS+ in Shaping a Multipolar Economic Order
In recent years, BRICS has evolved into a key platform for rethinking the architecture of the global economy. The expansion to the BRICS+ format has enhanced the bloc’s potential by incorporating new centers of economic growth into the international system. Underconditionsofgrowinguncertainty,geo-economicfragmentation,andaccelerateddigitalization,theneedforsustainablemodels of cooperation that can balance the interests of member states has become increasingly urgent. The purpose of this study is to identify institutional and economic-mathematical factors that determine the prospects of BRICS+ as an alternative center of global governance. The methodological framework is based on a comprehensive approach that includes the analysis of macroeconomic indicators, a comparative study of trade and investment flows, institutional mechanisms, as well as scenario modeling of integration trajectories. The results demonstrate that BRICS+ is shaping a new path of international cooperation grounded in the principles of multipolarity, mutual respect, and sustainable development. The article highlights that the most promising areas for deepening cooperation include digital transformation, the transition to settlements in national currencies, and the development of green technologies. It concludes that strengthening the institutional foundations of BRICS+ can not only enhance the competitiveness of member states but also reshape the configuration of the global economic system.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chupin A.L., Ragas A.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
BRICS Expansion: New Opportunities and Risks for the Formation of a Polycentric World
The expansion of BRICS, which in 2024 included countries such as Egypt, Iran, the UAE, and Ethiopia, marked a new stage in the development of the alliance, strengthening its role in the global political and economic system. In the face of increasing international tensions and the fragmentation of the global economy, BRICS has demonstrated its ability to create alternative mechanisms for cooperation based on principles of equality and mutual respect. The Kazan Summit was a historic milestone in the development of the alliance, confirming its ability to adapt to the challenges of the time and attract new partners. The accession of 13 partner countries has not only expanded the geographical and economic boundaries, but also highlighted the need for institutional reforms for more effective management and coordination. The main challenges for further expansion remain some economic and political limitations in the relations between the participating countries, a lack of institutionalization, and limited infrastructure. However, the prospects for the bloc’s development include the creation of an integrated economic space, the development of settlements in national currencies, the strengthening of the role of the New Development Bank, and the formation of new international institutions that could compete with Western structures such as the WTO and the IMF. Through these steps, BRICS has the potential to become not only an economic but also a geopolitical center of the Global South, playing a key role in shaping a multipolar world order.
Copyright (c) 2025 Karpovich O.G., Chesnokova A.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
BRICS+ Agenda for Sustainable Nuclear Development: Current Status and Emerging Trends
Nuclear energy is becoming a strategically significant component of the energy balance of the BRICS+ countries, reflecting both the growing demand for energy resources and the pursuit of technological sovereignty. This study analyzes the distribution of nuclear power plant capacities, uranium reserves, and ongoing projects among the BRICS+ states, allowing their efforts to be considered within the broader context of global energy diversification and security. The analysis is based on data regarding operational nuclear power plants, reactors under construction, and uranium resources, collected from international energy data-bases and official reports. The results indicate that Russia, China, and India constitute the technological and production core of BRICS+, concentrating the majority of operational reactors and new construction projects, while Brazil and South Africa maintain stable but more modest programs, relying on domestic uranium production. Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Indinesia and the United Arab Emirates emerge as new participants advancing ambitious nuclear energy projects. These trends suggest the formation of BRICS+’s collective influence on the global nuclear energy and fuel market, as well as the strengthening of their role in ensuring global energy stability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Davtyan V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
BRICS as an Emerging Model of Non-Western Multilateralism in the Age of Geopolitical Realignment: Conceptualizingthe Pluralistic Partnership Forum
Amidst a rapidly changing global order, BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) has emerged as a distinctive form of international cooperation. Unlike traditional international or regional organizations, or even mini-lateral groupings, BRICS functions as a heterogeneous, consensus-driven platform that emphasizes pluralism, sovereignty, and flexible cooperation without binding treaties or supranational authority. In the context of shifting power dynamics, it represents a new league model of cooperation among emerging powers. Acknowledging this distinctiveness, the article introduces the concept of a ‘Pluralistic Partnership Forum’ to explain the actual working of this organizational form. BRICS uniqueness lies in its diversity across continents, political systems, and economic models, which is further reinforced through ‘BRICS+’. It seeks to offer an alternative to Western-dominated multilateralism by promoting South-South cooperation, advancing development finance through the New Development Bank, and advocating reforms in the global financial architecture. Importantly, BRICS challenges Western monetary dominance, global payment system asymmetries, and the weaponization of the U.S. dollar, while working within the existing order to expand emerging economies’ agency. Understanding BRICS as a ‘Pluralistic Partnership Forum’ provides new analytical insights into the evolution of non-Western multilateralism and underscores its potential as a model for post-Western global cooperation and order-building.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gupta A.K., Bharti S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Artificial Intelligence: The Chinese Experienceand Its Implications for the BRICS+ Countries
Learning about China’s approach to AI development and implementation is crucial for BRICS+ due to its significant advancements and strategic focus on becoming a global leader in the field. Understanding China’s AI landscape provides valuable insights for international collaboration, competition, and the broader global impact of AI. The importance of the topic is predeter-mined by the following: 1) the geopolitical context; 2) economic component; 3) technological and digital sovereignty; 4) defense and cybersecurity; 5) training of personnel; 6) forming alternative AI norms. The methodology was based on documentary analysis. China’s strategy is assessed along four structuring axes, which can be adopted by BRICS+: 1) computational infrastructure;2) data; 3) specialized workforce; and 4) research and development (R&D). The findings indicate that China distinguishes itself through its pursuit of global AI leadership through massive investments. Beijing is willing to work with BRICS partners to deepen pragmatic cooperation, China open to win-win AI cooperation through Belt & Road. International cooperation of China in the field of AI with the BRICS+ countries in the field of creating a common infrastructure, developing uniform standards and legislation, data exchange, and educational programs will serve as an impetus for the development of AI in the countries of the association.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zabella A.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
BRICS+ as a Platform for China’s Cooperation with the Global South
This article provides an in-depth analysis of BRICS’ role as a key platform for China’s strategic cooperation with the countries of the Global South amidst radical changes in the global political and economic system. The core idea is that the world is transitioning from a unipolar order, where the US dominated, to a new bipolar or multipolar one. The author, drawing on Yang Xue-t’ung’s theory of moral realism, argues that China seeks not only to build economic and military power but also to gain strategic authority, positioning itself as a responsible leader and partner. This explains China’s interest in developing BRICS. This study examines the primary aspects of economic cooperation within BRICS, such as the reform of global governance, de-dollarization, trade growth, and technological partnerships. The author argues that despite its internal challenges and external pressures, BRICS continues to be a viable and attractive framework for developing nations, providing them with new avenues for economic development and strengthening their position on the world stage.
Copyright (c) 2025 Katkova E.Y. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Role of BRICS in Global Energy Transition
This article examines the evolving role of BRICS nations in the global energy transition within the context of their expanded membership and growing geopolitical influence. As BRICS has expanded to include Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, UAE, and Indonesia, the bloc now represents approximately 45% of the global population, 28% of global GDP, and 42% of global oil production, making it a significant player in shaping energy policies. The research employs statistical data analysis of energy indicators from 2017-2023 alongside SWOT analysis to assess the current energy landscape and transition trajectories across member states. Findings reveal diverse national energy profiles: China leads in renewable capacity but remains heavily coal-dependent; India shows rapid solar growth targeting 50% non-fossil electricity by 2030; Brazil relies on hydropower while expanding other renewables; and Russia and South Africa demonstrate slower transitions toward cleaner energy sources. Collectively, BRICS nations have nearly doubled their renewable energy capacity since 2017, with increasing emphasis on wind and solar, though fossil fuels still dominate their energy mix. The research concludes that despite challenges including economic disparities, political tensions, and infrastructure deficits, BRICS possesses significant potential to drive global energy transition through enhanced cooperation, technology sharing, and leveraging their collective economic weight to secure necessary financing, provided they balance national circumstances with shared climate commitments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ranjbar Meshkin D., Mogileva E.E. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Phenomenon of the Indonesian Gamelan Orchestra in World Music Culture
In complex and multi-layered musical cultures from different regions of the world, it is not easy to identify phenomena that have represented the most complete repository of their characteristic features over a long period of time. The tradition of orchestral music-making, known as gamelan, can be attributed to such phenomena. It is one of the key, defining phenomena not only of Indonesia and the Southeast Asian region, but also of world musical culture as a whole. In this article, we sought to identify the main essence of Javanese music by analyzing the terminological array that has developed within the gamelan tradition, considered in a systematic-typological comparison both within Indonesian musical culture and in relation to other regions. Let us begin by considering the most important and general concept for any musical culture, “music” (at least in the sense in which it is used within Western civilization), which includes all phenomena related to the field of sound, tone, and sound creation in general. Neither Indonesian nor Javanese languages have developed such a general term. The term musik (from the Dutch musiek), which appeared at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, is used exclusively in relation to Western music, and only for academic music, while the term pop is used to refer to popular forms. This emphasized, on the one hand, the influence of contemporary Western pop culture on popular forms of music-making prevalent in Indonesian cities (particularly noticeable since the early 1960s) and, on the other hand, the features of their distinct identity, which make it easy to distinguish this music from Western music.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gradova E.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Positivism in Brazil in the 19th Century: Philosophy, Politics, Culture
The paper is devoted to the cultural and historical prerequisites for the origin and main stages of the history of positivist philosophy in 19 century Brazil. Based on a review of both the philosophical and literary prehistory of the early 19th century and the positivist tradition in Brazilian thought of the century before last, it is shown by what factors Brazil turned out to be the country in Latin America, on whose cultural, political and religious life the philosophy of positivism had the greatest influence in this historical period.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zhdanov V.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Problem of the Chinese Concept Tianxia and Education
In the context of contemporary ideological explorations concerning the transitional nature of the post-globalization era and the shift from a unipolar to a multipolar world order, a number of Chinese thinkers are “re-developing” the concept of Tianxia (“All Under Heaven”), drawing on the historical and cultural roots of the nation. This concept, rooted in ancient Chinese philosophies such as Confucianism, is intended not only to guide the strategic development of modern China, but also to serve as a framework for international communication. Prominent among these thinkers are Zhao Tingyang, Xu Jilin, Zhang Weiwei, as well as the anthropologist Fei Xiaotong. The central challenges they address include the tension between the universal and the particular, especially the relationship between China and other global powers (i. e., the national versus the universal), as well as the dynamics between the state, society, and the individual within the PRC. This study identifies the unresolved issues that arise within the framework of Tianxia as articulated by these authors. It also draws a parallel with the Russian intellectual tradition, where similar tensions between the national and the universal were debated by the Westernizers and Slavophiles, and reflected in the works of F.M. Dostoevsky, V.S. Solovyov, L. Tolstoy, and L. Trotsky. The paper observes how global processes influence the development of education, particularly in China, where efforts are being made to resist the homogenizing effects of globalization. It is argued that a depoliticized interpretation of Tianxia may offer productive insights for the development of a national education system in the PRC. Drawing on the principles of Tianxia , several Chinese scholars propose that global higher education should not be treated as a domain of competition, but rather as a space for mutually beneficial cooperation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nizhnikov S.A., Zhang S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0