Vol 1, No 3 (2025)

With the rapid growth of the global economy, the demand for energy is growing, leading to the depletion of traditional energy resources and an increasingly noticeable energy crisis. The massive use of fossil fuels has led to serious problems of environmental pollution and climate change, posing a threat to the human environment. The BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and six new members), as emerging economies, are undergoing rapid urbanization, with a growing urban population and a concomitant increase in energy demand. Urbanization entails a large amount of building and infrastructure construction, which consumes huge amounts of energy, and energy efficiency needs to be improved urgently. The research presented in this article helps the BRICS countries to find a path to urban energy planning and green building development that is tailored to their national contexts and contributes to the coordinated development of the economy, society and the environment. The analysis of synergistic strategies makes it possible to identify policy and planning measures aimed at optimizing urban energy structures, improving energy efficiency, reducing energy waste, and alleviating pressure on energy supply systems. This can help promote green building technologies, improve the greening of the construction industry, and promote the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry. The results of the study can provide a scientific basis for the governments of the BRICS countries to formulate appropriate policies and plans, as well as to promote effective policy implementation.

This research aims to identify specific goods suitable for mutually beneficial trade between the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the African Union (AU). The study employs inductive and deductive reasoning to substantiate the prospects for trade cooperation between these blocs. Grouping and data visualization methods were used to analyze the product-geographic structure of these economic unions. Product classification was conducted using the Harmonized System (HS), a standardized framework for international trade. Statistical data for 2021 were sourced from the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) and UN Comtrade databases. In 2021, for a number of goods, exports and imports of both the EAEU and the AU are close to 100%, which means their mutual trade is strategically important. Let us note that despite the predominance of the Russian Federation as the main exporter and importer within the Eurasian Economic Union, we must emphasize Belarus in this trade cooperation. After all, for certain categories of goods, Belarus’ exports account for 1% of the total trade volume in the Eurasian Economic Union, and for certain countries this export tends to reach 100% of their imports, for example, Ghana and the Russian Federation does not export this product there. Both integration blocs have huge potential for further development in many key areas. The EAEU and the AU are also striving to strengthen partnership relations between each other. However, if we consider mutual trade, then a systematic diversification of exports and imports is required both from the side of the EAEU and the AU. Changes in the scale and nature of mutual trade of the AU states can have a significant impact on the dynamics of their foreign trade with the rest of the world, including the EAEU countries. Approval by the EAEU and AU countries of a gradual reduction or removal of tariff restrictions on a wide range of goods may contribute to the emergence of new prospects, in particular the opening of a Free Trade Area. This implies the possibility of expanding trade in goods created using high technologies and the introduction of advanced technologies into the production of exporting countries. Thus, positive prospects are opening up not only for the trade of goods and raw materials, but also for scientific and production cooperation between the EAEU and the African Union.

This paper aims to analyse Russia and India from 2020 to 2025, comparing their technological approaches to climate change, action and sustainability within the BRICS framework. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative analysis with quantitative data. The core aim of this study was also examine how two states employ technology to combat climate change sustainably. The Diffusion of Innovations theory and the Ecological Modernization theory are employed to examine how technological advancements are profoundly influencing the long-term viability of climate action in these nations. For this study, intergovernment records, reports, and regional and global indexes were used to obtain pertinent information and data. This research paper also explored how the BRICS nations are rapidly adopting advanced technologies in climate-related activities and confronting technological difficulties. The findings revealed that the West propagated biased and wrong information concerning the development and progress of BRICS and related nations by circulating misleading reports to disguise the figures. This paper provides significant insights into enhancing global collaboration, promoting education on technology policy, and influencing the future of international environmental governance and practices, particularly in the expanding domain of climate action sustainability in India and Russia.

This paper provides a comprehensive review of Bangladesh’s existing trade and economic engagement with the BRICS member states - namely Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa-within the context of the ongoing BRICS+ expansion agenda. Given its position as the second-largest economy in South Asia, and its geographical positioning between South and South-East Asia, Bangladesh has shown significant interest in accession to BRICS. The methodological framework of this study is represented by empirical study of statistical data relating to Bangladesh’s trade flows, foreign direct investments and cooperative initiative with the BRICs countries. Findings show that China and India are Bangladesh’s main important import partners, together accounting for over one-third of total imports, alternative financing while the level of trade with Russia, Brazil and South Africa is relatively low. Investment collaboration is being manifested in investment infrastructure projects (such as construction of nuclear power plants under Russian participation) and through Russian-BRICS institutions especially New Development Bank. BRICS membership is expected to bring massive economic benefits to Bangladesh such as access to larger markets, alternative financing and technological revolution, but this is not without demanding a proper balancing of relations with major powers and overcoming domestic policy hurdles.

The article offers a comprehensive analysis of contemporary migration processes in Latin America, identifying their key characteristics and persistent, systemic nature. The study outlines the main trends, causes, and consequences of large-scale population migration in the region, driven by economic crises, political instability, and social challenges, and also reveals its scope. Particular attention is given to the Venezuelan migration crisis, which has profoundly transformed the socio-economic balance of Colombia, Peru, Chile, and Brazil. The article also assesses the current migration governance system, which combines limited national measures with insufficiently effective regional mechanisms. The study demonstrates that migration has evolved into a long-term survival strategy, reinforcing dependence on external markets while simultaneously providing short-term economic stability for the region’s economies.

The rapid transformation of the global order into a fragmented multipolar system has redefined the strategic choices available to middle powers. Amid intensifying great-power rivalry and institutional competition, states increasingly seek diversified platforms to enhance strategic autonomy, reduce vulnerability, and improve their bargaining position. This article develops a theoretical analysis of BRICS+ as an institutional avenue through which emerging middle powers pursue strategic balancing in the contemporary international system. Building on theories of middle-power behavior, soft balancing, institutional hedging, and multipolar fragmentation, the study conceptualizes BRICS+ as a flexible, low-conditionality framework that enables states to expand their strategic options without forming exclusive alliances. The article argues that BRICS+ functions as a multidimensional balancing mechanism by offering economic, political, and ideational resources that strengthen state autonomy vis-à-vis dominant powers. Through an integrative theoretical assessment, the article demonstrates that middle powers increasingly rely on BRICS+ to hedge between competing poles, pursue dual alignment strategies, and mitigate systemic pressures arising from the U.S.-China rivalry. The analysis further argues that BRICS+ contributes to the emergence of a new pattern of international behavior-multiplatform strategic balancing-reflecting profound adaptive responses to global fragmentation. The study concludes by outlining the theoretical contributions of this conceptualization and implications for future research on emerging multilateral architectures.

This article examines the theoretical and practical challenges facing feminism in contemporary China. From a theoretical perspective, the study identifies unclear conceptualization of feminist concepts and relatively lagging localized theoretical research. From a practical standpoint, issues include the proliferation of radical feminist activities, serious stigmatization of feminism in the internet era, and low public awareness of feminist knowledge. The development of feminism concerns not only women’s survival and development but also the future of society and the nation. Clarifying the specific obstacles that hinder contemporary Chinese feminism’s progress is essential for advancing women’s development.

This article analyzes professional mobility in the context of the development of the international platform for remote employment among BRICS countries, which represents a technological and organizational solution for ensuring interaction with foreign highly qualified specialists in a remote work format. The platform is designed to address labor and skills shortages by enabling cross-border remote employment and facilitating interaction with foreign highly qualified specialists. This international platform aims at attracting labor resources of partner countries to solve the problem of labor shortage and stimulate economic growth. The article examines the current state of platform-based employment in BRICS countries. The authors emphasize that platform employment has both significant positive effects (flexibility, independence) and certain risks (income instability, lack of social protection). The study concludes by highlighting the importance and prospects for further development of a unified international digital employment platform as a mechanism for mitigating workforce shortages and ensuring the sustainable economic development of BRICS countries.